Britain & Ireland

What was it about industrialisation that led to the emergence of a woman’s movement in Victorian Britain? Why do we see so many people fighting for so many rights and liberties in this period and what are the origins of some of the issues we still campaign on today? This section includes our major series on Social and Political Change in the UK from 1800 to the present day. There are also articles and podcasts on the often violent relationship between England and Ireland during this period and England’s changing relationship with Scotland and Wales. Read more

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  • Film: Power and Protest in Ireland – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 12, Professor Michael Brown of the University of Aberdeen discusses who held power in Ireland in 1714 and how the protestant ascendancy developed following the fall of James II and the rise of the Hanoverian dynasty. This is a period increasingly defined by the exclusion of Ireland’s Catholic and...

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  • Film: Proto-feminism in Britain and Ireland – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 11, Dr Mary Jo MacDonald of the University of Jyväskylä explores how the end of the Licensing Act, sweeping political change, and a revolution in intellectual culture opened unprecedented opportunities for women to shape political, social, and intellectual life in Britain and Ireland. The film highlights major proto‑feminist thinkers...

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  • The success of the Salford General Strike of 1911

    Article

    As we approach the centenary of Britain’s only national general strike, this article by Steve Illingworth tells the story of a successful local sympathetic strike in Salford in 1911. He analyses the reasons for the success of the Salford workers and considers why this kind of concerted industrial action could...

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  • Making and breaking Britain’s national energy order

    Article

    British history flows through energy. Changes to fuel sources, technologies, workplace organisation and power along with government policy and ownership have been defining turning points in British economic history. In this article Ewan Gibbs traces the making, development and subsequent breaking of a national British energy order across the second half of...

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  • Film: Power and Protest in Scotland – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 9, Professor Alison Cathcart (University of Stirling) discusses who held power in Scotland in 1714 and how the Union with England, together with the arrival of the Hanoverian dynasty, transformed the nation. She examines the central role of the Church of Scotland, the influence of the Royal Burghs,...

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  • Film: Queer British History – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In episode 10, Dr Declan Kavanagh (University of Kent), reflects on Queer British history 1714-1785. Dr Kavanagh looks at the history of the language of LGBTQ+, in particular the term ‘queer’ in its very recent usage and how the language of descriptors for these communities has been influenced. Dr Kavanagh draws...

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  • Ffilm: Grym a Phrotest yng Nghymru – 1714 i 1785

    Article

    Ym Mhennod 9, mae Dr Eryn White (Prifysgol Aberystwyth) yn trafod pwy oedd mewn grym yng Nghymru ym 1714, y berthynas newidiol rhwng Cymru a'r Deyrnas Unedig ehangach a'r datblygiadau allweddol a ddigwyddodd yng Nghymru rhwng 1714-1785. Mae Dr White yn myfyrio ar ehangu cyflym print a llythrennedd yng Nghymru...

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  • Film: Power and Protest in Wales – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 9, Dr Eryn White (Aberystwyth University) discusses who had power in Wales in 1714, the changing relationship between Wales and the wider United Kingdom and the key developments that took place in Wales between 1714-1785. Dr White reflects upon the rapid expansion of print and literacy in Wales...

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  • Doing history: reconstructing the life of physician, psychiatrist and anthropologist James Cowles Prichard

    Article

    Margaret Crump’s Doing History explains how she went about researching the life of a Victorian scientist, gathering material about the man himself from a variety of sources including newspapers, genealogical databases, and archives, supplemented by contextual knowledge of the period.

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  • Social Darwinism: the myth and its reinvention

    Article

    ‘Social Darwinism’ has been associated in academia and popular consciousness with negative concepts such as hyper-nationalism and eugenics. Geoffrey M. Hodgson challenges the notion that Social Darwinism or its proponents were ever well-defined. By tracing the use of ‘Social Darwinism’ across academic disciplines and globally over a long period, Hodgson...

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  • Opinion: the populist politics of Joseph Chamberlain and Donald Trump

    Article

    What are the pitfalls and pluses of comparing historical figures with contemporary politicians? Chris Godden argues that recent comparisons of Donald Trump with one of his predecessors may be wide of the mark, but that a more illuminating parallel may be found with one of Britain’s most controversial nineteenth-century politicians.

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  • Tunnel visions: London’s wartime shelters

    Article

    Ronan Thomas describes two different Second World War shelters in London. One was the top-secret Mayfair bunker in which Winston Churchill sheltered during the Blitz and governed the country from underground; the other protected thousands of south Londoners and went on to provide shelter to visitors to the capital for several years...

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  • Out and About: The historical significance of the Botanic Garden in Oxford

    Article

    The Oxford Botanic Garden was Britain’s first botanic garden and is world-renowned. Mia Andreasen, who knows it well, explores why they have been so successful and how they reflect not only plant life but also the global history of the past 400 years.

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  • Film: Finance in Britain and Ireland: 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 5, Professor Anne Murphy (University of Portsmouth) examines the development of finance in Britain and Ireland, from the emergence of the Bank of England during the Nine Years’ War into a system that would facilitate the growth of the British Empire and Britain’s Industrial Revolution. During this period...

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  • Film: Power and Protest in England – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 7, Professor Carl Griffin (University of Sussex) discusses the changing landscape of England as enclosure accelerates, transforming the social dynamics of the countryside as peasants become wage labourers and their rights to use the ‘common land’ is diminished. Professor Griffin reflects on this period of protest over enclosure,...

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  • Film: Disability in Britain and Ireland – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 6, Dr Declan Kavanagh (University of Kent) discusses the development of ideas around, and responses to, disability in Britain and Ireland in the 18th century. Dr Kavanagh examines the definition given in Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary in 1755 and looks at the medical and charity models of responding to disability...

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  • Film: Party Politics 1714-1785

    Article

    In Episode 2, Dr Robin Eagles (History of Parliament), examines the birth of Britain’s two party system in the form of the Whigs and the Tories; two parties, whose rivalry would define politics in Britain from the Restoration and Glorious Revolution to the middle of the Victorian Age. During this...

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  • Film: Economic and social change – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    The 18th century represents a pivotal moment bridging early modern Britain with the social, economic and technological  transformations of the Industrial Revolution. In Episode 3, Professor Emma Griffin (Queen Mary University of London), explores this period of invention, innovation and entrepreneurialism, how it affected ordinary families, and its role in the...

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  • Film: Power and freedom: Introduction – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 1, Dr Robin Eagles (History of Parliament), discusses the development of power and freedom in Britain and Ireland from the reign of Queen Anne to the beginning of the Georgian Age. This was a period of strict hierarchy where the monarchy and aristocracy retained significant control over both...

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  • Film: Black British History – 1714 to 1785

    Article

    In Episode 4, Dr Montaz Marché (University College London) and Professor Ryan Hanley (University of Exeter), discuss the lives and experience of 18th century Black Britons. In this discussion they look at the lives of both the exceptional and the ordinary, and reflect upon the politics of race and gender in...

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