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  • 'Women and Children first!' a lost tale of Empire and Heroism

      Historian article
    In January 1852, under the command of Captain Robert Salmond, HMS Birkenhead left Portsmouth carrying troops and officers' wives and families from ten different regiments. Most were from the 73rd Regiment of Foot, and were on their way to South Africa to fight the Xhosa in the 8th Kaffir War (1850-1853),...
    'Women and Children first!' a lost tale of Empire and Heroism

  • The Vikings in Britain

      Historian Article
    Professor Henry Loyn provides an update on recent studies of the Viking Age. Interest in the activities of the Scandinavian people in Britain during the Viking Age, c 800-1100 A.D., has been strong in the last half-century or so, and it is good to pause and assess contributions to the...
    The Vikings in Britain

  • John Wilkes 1725-1797: A Man of Principle

      Historian article
    For Lord North in 1775, one John Wilkes was enough, ‘though ... to do him justice, it was not easy to find many such'. The impact of Wilkes between 1760 and 1780 was profound, a cause as much as a person. For Philip Francis, thought to be the satirist ‘Junius',...
    John Wilkes 1725-1797: A Man of Principle

  • Why the OBE survived the Empire

      Historian article
    An anomaly of the British honours system is the name of the award most frequently given - the Order of the British Empire created in 1917. Each medal carries the words: ‘For God and the Empire'. When the connection between the person honoured and the church is often very tenuous...
    Why the OBE survived the Empire

  • The Pilgrimage of Grace: Reactions, Responses and Revisions

      Article
    Dr Michael Bush investigates the interpretations of the pilgrimage of grace. Our perception of the pilgrimage of grace has been largely created by Madeleine and Ruth Dodds and their magnificent book The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536-7, and the Exeter Conspiracy, 1538 (Cambridge). Published in 1915, it has dominated the subject...
    The Pilgrimage of Grace: Reactions, Responses and Revisions

  • The National Insurance Act 1911: three perspectives, one policy

      Historian article
    Sandwiched between the Parliament Act and the Home Rule Act, the National Insurance Act 1911 is easily overlooked and often forgotten. Yet, as Gilbert has pointed out, it was critical both of itself and as the foundation for social legislation up to current times. It came into force on 15...
    The National Insurance Act 1911: three perspectives, one policy

  • Recorded webinar: Britain's eighteenth-century tradition of popular riot and protest

      Article
    Eighteenth-century Britons were ruled by a restricted oligarchy of landowners and plutocrats. Yet the wider population had a proud tradition of assertiveness and readiness to protest. ‘Britons never will be slaves!’ as the chorus of 'Rule Britannia' (1740) announced pointedly (if somewhat ironically, in view of Britain’s role in the...
    Recorded webinar: Britain's eighteenth-century tradition of popular riot and protest

  • The Bloody Code - Early Modern Crime and Punishment

      Podcast
    Between circa 1690 and 1820 the number of crimes punishable by the death penalty grew from 50 to over 200. This short podcast will help to explain why this trend developed.
    The Bloody Code - Early Modern Crime and Punishment

  • Disraeli, Peel and the Corn Laws: the making of a conservative reputation

      Historian article
    125 years after his death, Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, still provides the political lode-star for generations of Conservatives. Lately, for the first time in 30 years, Disraeli's name and example has been enthusiastically evoked by the party leadership and David Cameron has projected himself as a Disraeli for the...
    Disraeli, Peel and the Corn Laws: the making of a conservative reputation

  • The Long Winding Road to the White House

      Historian article
    The Long Winding Road to the White House: caucuses, primaries and national party conventions in the history of American presidential elections Almost the Last Hurrah At last we know officially. In late August at their 40th national convention in Tampa, Florida, the Republican party formally nominated its candidates to run...
    The Long Winding Road to the White House

  • Travelling the Seventeenth-Century English Economy: Rediscovery of Celia Fiennes

      Article
    Pam Sharpe reflects on the journals and expeditions of a 17th-century traveller. I first encountered Celia Fiennes (1662-1741), early modern traveller and journal writer, when I was an undergraduate. Being a keen traveller myself and studying social and economic history, Fiennes’ journeys fascinated me1. Here was a woman who travelled...
    Travelling the Seventeenth-Century English Economy: Rediscovery of Celia Fiennes

  • 1497, Cornwall and the Wars of the Roses

      Article
    Ian Arthurson reasseses the Cornish rising of 1497 on its 500th anniversary. On the 400th anniversary of this rebellion there was a good deal of agreement about the Wars of the Roses: ‘The slaughter of people was greater than in any former war on English soil ... The standard of...
    1497, Cornwall and the Wars of the Roses

  • The Miraculous Crusade: The Role of the Mystical and Miraculous in the Morale and Motivation of the First Crusade

      Historian article
    The First Crusade may be considered the only really successful crusade in that it achieved its stated goal, but it demanded great courage and stamina of its participants in their journey to the Holy City of Jerusalem, fighting their way through an unforgiving hostile territory. But courage and stamina by...
    The Miraculous Crusade: The Role of the Mystical and Miraculous in the Morale and Motivation of the First Crusade

  • Stalin 1928-1941: Listen to the podcast of Dr Jane McDermid's lecture on Stalin

      Podcast
    On 15th November Dr Jane McDermid gave the first lecture in the HA's Sixth Form Lecture Series on the making of the Stalinist State at the National Archives, Kew. Click on the following links below to listen to her lecture and read the lecture notes!
    Stalin 1928-1941: Listen to the podcast of Dr Jane McDermid's lecture on Stalin

  • The Handing Back of Hong Kong: 1945 and 1997

      Article
    Andrew Whitfield examines the recovery of Hong Kong from the Japanese, 52 years before its return to China. As the clock ticks ever closer to midnight on 30 June 1997, the sun will set on Britain’s last major colonial outpost. Thousands of miles from the motherland, the colony originally acted...
    The Handing Back of Hong Kong: 1945 and 1997

  • GCSE Podcasts: The World War 1 Peace Treaties

      The Paris Peace Conference
    Aaron Wilkes and Katrina Shearman of Castle High School in Dudley discuss one of the key topics for modern world history students: The Peace Treaties of World War 1. We have produced four podcasts with the first looking at the The state of Europe after the War, the second podcast examining...
    GCSE Podcasts: The World War 1 Peace Treaties

  • India and the British war effort, 1939-1945

      Historian article
    India was vital as a source of men and material for the British in the Second World War, despite the constitutional, social and economic issues which posed threats to its contribution. Leo Amery, Secretary of State for India 1940-5, wrote to Churchill, 8 April 1941: ‘My prime care had naturally...
    India and the British war effort, 1939-1945

  • The British Government's Confidential Files on the United States

      Historian article
    Unpublished papers in Britain's National Archives at Kew reveal curious undercurrents in Anglo-American relations. After the conclusion of the Boer War, for example, the British Army supposed that the next major conflict would be not with Germany but with the U.S. A memo printed for circulation in July 1904 entitled ‘A...
    The British Government's Confidential Files on the United States

  • The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707

      Historian article
    Why did both the parliaments of Scotland and England vote themselves out of existence in 1707 in order to create a new ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’? From an English perspective, there was always a strong feeling that this union did not create a new kingdom and that it certainly...
    The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707

  • Overview of Elizabeth I

      GCSE Topic Pack
    A GCSE Topic Pack on Elizabeth I. The content is divided into sections on Elizabeth herself as a person and Tudor queen, and on Elizabethan Domestic and Foreign Politics including religion, social structure, crime, poverty, entertainment and foreign affairs.
    Overview of Elizabeth I

  • Landowners and their motives for change at the Suffolk village of Culford between 1793 and 1903

      Historian article
    Isabel Jones from Thomas Mills High School at Framlingham was the winner of the Young Historian Award for Local History [16-19] in 2006. The Director of the Young Historian Project, Trevor James, has edited her winning essay. It has been shortened and the footnotes removed, to enable it to fit...
    Landowners and their motives for change at the Suffolk village of Culford between 1793 and 1903

  • The Olympics - politics, impact and legacy - its not just about the sport

      Article
    2024 is an Olympic Games year. Held every four years (with the exception of during the World Wars and Covid-19 restrictions), the modern Olympics is the largest international sporting event in the world. However, historically it has not always been just the sports that are played and the athletes’ performances...
    The Olympics - politics, impact and legacy - its not just about the sport

  • Secular acts and sacred practices in the Italian Renaissance church interior

      Historian article
    Joanne Allen reveals a fundamental structural and architectural development in Italian churches in the Renaissance era, demonstrating that careful observation of structures and archives can substantially inform our appreciation of all church buildings.  In the opening to The Decameron (c. 1350), Boccaccio described how the ten young people who would become storytellers...
    Secular acts and sacred practices in the Italian Renaissance church interior

  • A Crusading Outpost: the City and County of Edessa - 1095-1153

      Article
    Edessa is not now to be found on maps of the Near East; instead there is Urfa, the Turkish name for the former Christian city lying in the upper region of the Euphrates valley some two hundred and fifty kilometres from the Mediterranean. Like Christian Edessa, Moslem Urfa is a...
    A Crusading Outpost: the City and County of Edessa - 1095-1153

  • Film: “The Talk Should Not Be Broadcast”: Homosexuality and the BBC before 1967

      Virtual Branch
    In the centenary year of the BBC, this Virtual Branch talk from Marcus Collins relates the strange tale of how the BBC did and did not broadcast about homosexuality in the 1950s and 1960s and what it tells us about sexuality, broadcasting and the origins of permissiveness in mid-twentieth century Britain.  Marcus Collins...
    Film: “The Talk Should Not Be Broadcast”: Homosexuality and the BBC before 1967