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  • Age of Revolutions Resources

      Information
    The Age of Revolutions is a period in history between c.1775-1848. Over the course of these years, society underwent a series of revolutions in almost all theatres of life: political, war, social and cultural, and economic and technological. Revolutionary ideas and revolutionary actions swept across the world, and historians still discuss and...
    Age of Revolutions Resources
  • Podcast Series: The Age of Revolutions

      Multipage Article
    This podcast series was commissioned as part of the HA’s education programme on the Age of Revolutions period, funded by the Age of Revolution legacy project. They were recorded with leading academic historians and are intended to shed light on a variety of perspectives on the period. These podcasts were...
    Podcast Series: The Age of Revolutions
  • Interpretations of the French Revolution

      Classic Pamphlet
    The French Revolution raises many questions not least: What sort of Revolution was it - one of "poverty" or "prosperity" ? a bourgeois revolution that overthrew feudalism?  A national struggle for liberty, democracy, or "eternal Justice" ? or, again, a criminal conspiracy against the old social order? What did it...
    Interpretations of the French Revolution
  • The Industrial Revolution in England

      Classic Pamphlet
    Revolutions of the magnitude of the industrial revolution in England provoke historical controversy: such a revolution is a major discontinuity which a profession more skilled in explaining small changes finds difficult to understand. A revolution that touches a whole society is so diffuse that its significant events are difficult to...
    The Industrial Revolution in England
  • A Commercial Revolution

      Classic Pamphlet
    The pattern of overseas trade is always in movement: new commodities are constantly appearing, old ones fading into unimportance, different trading partners coming to the fore-front. But between the latter end of the sixteenth and the second half of the eighteenth century, change took specially far reaching forms. In 1570...
    A Commercial Revolution
  • The Transport Revolution 1750-1830

      Classic Pamphlet
    The period 1750-1830, traditionally marking the classical industrial revolution, achieved in Great Britain what Professor Rostow has called the economy's "take-off into self-sustained growth". A revolution in transportation was part of the complex of changes - industrial, agricultural, mercantile and commercial - occurring roughly concurrently.The impetus to transport change is...
    The Transport Revolution 1750-1830
  • What Have Historians Been Arguing About... the British Empire and the age of revolutions in the global South

      Teaching History feature
    The historiography of the British Empire has taken a long course since the era of decolonisation. Political histories of the late twentieth century considered the mechanisms connecting crises at the ‘periphery’ with metropolitan decision-making. One rather overused stereotype was the so-called ‘man on the spot’ pushing empire forward, be they...
    What Have Historians Been Arguing About... the British Empire and the age of revolutions in the global South
  • Cunning Plan 167: teaching the industrial revolution

      Teaching History article
    ‘Disastrous and terrible.’ For Arnold Toynbee, the historian who gave us the phrase ‘industrial revolution’, these three words sum up the period of dramatic technological change that took place in Britain across the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. We may not habitually use Toynbee’s description in the classroom, but it is...
    Cunning Plan 167: teaching the industrial revolution
  • Polychronicon 150: Interpreting the French Revolution

      Teaching History feature
    For most of the last two centuries, historical interpretations of the French Revolution have focused on its place in a grand narrative of modernity. For the most ‘counter-revolutionary' writers, the Revolution showed why modernity was to be resisted - destroying traditional institutions and disrupting all that was valuable in an...
    Polychronicon 150: Interpreting the French Revolution
  • Podcast Series: The French Revolution to the Fall of Napoleon

      The French Revolution
    In this set of podcasts we look at the origins and the development of the French Revolution, the rise and fall of Napoleon, the Peninsular War and the Battle of Waterloo. These podcasts feature: Professor David Andress, Emeritus Professor Malcom Crook, Emertius Professor William Doyle, Emeritus Professor Alan Forrest &...
    Podcast Series: The French Revolution to the Fall of Napoleon
  • What Have Historians Been Arguing About... the consequences of the industrial revolution

      Teaching History feature
    The British industrial revolution stands out as a pivotal moment in human history. Its timing, causes and consequences have all been major topics of historical enquiry for well over one hundred years. Many of the great Victorian commentators – Engels, Dickens, Blake to name a few – who lived through...
    What Have Historians Been Arguing About... the consequences of the industrial revolution
  • The Terror in the French Revolution

      Classic Pamphlet
    A natural reaction to the history of the French Revolution is to see it as a glorious movement for liberty which somehow ‘went wrong', ending in a nightmare of blood and chaos. This pamphlet explains what really happened, and why. It shows how the apparent achievements of the first two...
    The Terror in the French Revolution
  • What Have Historians Been Arguing About... expanding the reach of the American Revolution

      Teaching History feature
    The Founding Fathers of the United States of America are never far from current political and cultural discussions. Whether prompted by the phenomenal success of Hamilton: the musical (2015), or the shocking scenes of riotous attack on the US Capitol in January 2021, the revolutionary intentions and legacy of such...
    What Have Historians Been Arguing About... expanding the reach of the American Revolution
  • Podcast: Re-imagining Democracy

      Podcast
    This podcast feature Professor Mark Philp of the University of Warwick discussing how people's perceptions of democracy changed between 1750 and 1850 and is based on the findings of the Re-imagining democracy project, begun in 2005 by Joanna Innes and Mark Philp. Re-imagining Democracy: 1750-1850 1. Introduction. Democracy from negative...
    Podcast: Re-imagining Democracy
  • Polychronicon 121: interpretations of the American Revolution

      Teaching History feature
    Polychronicon is a regular feature helping school history teachers to update their subject knowledge, with special emphasis on recent historiography and changing interpretation. This edition of 'Polychronicon'focuses on the interpretations of the American Revolution.
    Polychronicon 121: interpretations of the American Revolution
  • From Sail to Steam

      Classic Pamphlet
    From the time when primitive man first went adrift on a bundle of reeds or learnt to balance himself on a floating log, to the days where his descendants, no more than a few generations ago, raced scrambling aloft to trim the towering sails of a full-rigged ship, the skill...
    From Sail to Steam
  • Why are you wearing a watch? Complicating narratives of economic and social progress

      Teaching History article
    Frustrated by the traditional narrative of the industrial revolution as a steady march of progress, and disappointed by her students’ dull and deterministic statements about historical change, Hannah Sibona decided to complicate the tidy narrative of continual improvement. Inspired by an article by E.P. Thompson, Sibona reflected that introducing her...
    Why are you wearing a watch? Complicating narratives of economic and social progress
  • The Flight to Varennes

      Historian article
    On the night of 20 June 1791 a portly middle-aged man, dressed inconspicuously in brown, with a dark green overcoat and his hair covered by a grey wig, walked out of the Tuileries palace past the guards. For the past 12 nights the Chevalier de Coigny, dressed in a similar...
    The Flight to Varennes
  • Cavour and Italian Unification

      Classic Pamphlet
    It may seem a little perverse to write a pamphlet on Cavour in 1972, the centenary year of the death of Mazzini, but no doubt there will be more than one publication on Mazzini to mark the occasion. To pretend that the two men had much in common would be...
    Cavour and Italian Unification
  • The Chapel and the Nation

      Classic Pamphlet
    The Noncoformitst chapel has played a crucial role in the history of the English and Welsh nations. When the great French historian Elie Halevy sought to explain the contrast between the turbulent history of his own country and the peaceful evolution of England in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries...
    The Chapel and the Nation
  • Leopold von Ranke - Pamphlet

      Classic Pamphlet
    Leopold von Ranke (21 December 1795 - 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history. According to Caroline Hoefferle, "Ranke was probably the most important historian to shape historical profession as it emerged in Europe and the United States in the late 19th century." ...
    Leopold von Ranke - Pamphlet
  • The effect of the loss of the American Colonies upon British Policy

      Classic Pamphlet
    (1) Problems of an Empire in ruinsTwo weeks after Yorktown, but before the news of that disaster had reached England, George III wrote to Lord North that "The dye is now cast whether this shall be a great Empire or the least dignified of European states." England had not fought...
    The effect of the loss of the American Colonies upon British Policy
  • The Scottish Enlightenment

      Classic Pamphlet
    In recent decades, Scotland's distinctive contribution to the Enlightenment has been of increasing interest to scholars. Often very remarkable in an analytical view, such studies may nevertheless miss their sense of the story by treating Scottish insight in abstraction from Scottish life. Taking a more concrete approach, the present study...
    The Scottish Enlightenment
  • Podcast Series: Thomas Paine

      Multipage Article
    In this set of podcasts Emeritus Professor W. A. Speck of the University of Leeds looks at the life and ideas of Thomas Paine.
    Podcast Series: Thomas Paine
  • The Enlightenment

      Classic Pamphlet
    Can a movement as varied and diffuse as the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century be contained within the covers of a short pamphlet? The problem would certainly have appealed to the intellectuals of that time. Generalists rather than specialists, citizens of the whole world of knowledge, they relished the challenge...
    The Enlightenment