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  • When was the post-war?

      Article
    There is a peculiar tension at the heart of scholarship about the years and decades after the Second World War. On the one hand, the political developments following the breakdown of the war-time alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union have spawned an enormous literature, in parts as old...
    When was the post-war?
  • Film: The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania (1772-1795)

      Repercussions for German-Polish Relations and their Legacy.
    Karin Friedrich recently joined the Virtual Branch to discuss aspects of its complex history in her talk on the partitions of Poland, their repercussions for German-Polish relations and their legacy. Professor Friedrich is chair in Early Modern European History at the University of Aberdeen, co-director of the Centre for Early Modern...
    Film: The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania (1772-1795)
  • What is interesting about the world wars?

      Article
    In the past, the two world wars have been mainly studied as military history, focused on armies, campaigns and battles. Historians have concentrated on wars in Europe and in particular on the Western Front in 1914–18 and on the war with Nazi Germany in the west. This has given rise...
    What is interesting about the world wars?
  • The Importance of Truth, Quality and Objectivity in the BBC German Service from 1938 to 1945

      Historian article
    Throughout the Second World War the BBC produced and transmitted regular broadcasts in German to Germany and other European countries occupied by the Germans. In this article Hattie Simpson evaluates the style and success of the BBC German Service. The article is based on her winning entry in the senior...
    The Importance of Truth, Quality and Objectivity in the BBC German Service from 1938 to 1945
  • From Lithuania to Lancashire: life and death in the pursuit of freedom

      Historian article
    In this article, Simon Bromiley explores the history of twentieth-century Lithuania through the life of his grandfather. He experienced much of its difficult history, including the Soviet annexation of 1940 and the German invasion and occupation of the following year. The article follows him as he made a new life for himself in...
    From Lithuania to Lancashire: life and death in the pursuit of freedom
  • Paris: 50 Years on from the Great War, 2 August 1964

      Historian article
    Just over 50 years ago, Chris Wrigley, a past President of the Historical Association, while a sixth-former, witnessed a highly significant historic re-enactment in Paris to mark the anniversary of the start of the Great War.
    Paris: 50 Years on from the Great War, 2 August 1964
  • Film: Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea

      Article
    Professor Jan Rüger joined the Virtual Branch on 9th February 2023 to talk about his book Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea, tracing a rich history of contact and conflict from the Napoleonic Wars to the Cold War. For generations this North Sea island expressed a German...
    Film: Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea
  • The changing shapes of Europe’s twentieth century

      Exploring twentieth-century history
    In this discussion of the twentieth century, Martin Conway considers the implications of linking notions of military conflict and division with the emergence of modernity. The idea of World War II as the distinct dividing line between the present and past, and the ways in which it began a time...
    The changing shapes of Europe’s twentieth century
  • How is the source base of the twentieth century different from that of earlier periods?

      Article
    Historians often debate when, exactly, the twentieth century began; that is, when the themes and trends that we have come to understand as defining this tumultuous, rapidly changing period first started, and when they ended. One place we can look to answer this question is the available primary resources that help...
    How is the source base of the twentieth century different from that of earlier periods?
  • The New Imperialism

      Classic Pamphlet
    This Classic Pamphlet first published in 1970 comes with a new introduction written by the author M. E. Chamberlain.The New Imperialism - Introduction by M. E. Chamberlain Professor Emeritus at Swansea University. May 2010.When this pamphlet was first published imperialism was a hot political topic and battle raged between Marxist and...
    The New Imperialism
  • What is interesting about the interwar period?

      Article
    The years between the Armistice of November 1918 and the German attack on Poland in September 1939 were undoubtedly a period of massive transformations. Public appetite to learn about specific aspects of this era remains strong. The making of communist rule in revolutionary Russia, the tribulations of Weimar Germany, the rise...
    What is interesting about the interwar period?
  • Blood and Iron: the violent birth of modern Germany

      Historian article
    Katja Hoyer discusses Germany’s unification 150 years ago: an event that cast a long shadow over the troubled young nation and would alter the course of European and world history. Shivering in the cold winter air that drifted in through the windows of his temporary residence in Paris, Wilhelm I, King...
    Blood and Iron: the violent birth of modern Germany
  • Learning from the Aftermath of the Holocaust

      Article
    International Journal of Historical Learning, Teaching and Research [IJHLTR], Volume 14, Number 2 – Spring/Summer 2017 ISSN: 14472-9474 Abstract In this article I seek to encourage those involved in Holocaust education in schools to engage not just with the Holocaust but also with its aftermath. I conceptualise the latter in terms of two...
    Learning from the Aftermath of the Holocaust
  • After the revolution: did Cromwell, Washington and Bonaparte betray revolutionary principles?

      Historian article
    This article examines the aftermath of three epoch-making periods of change – the English, American, and French Revolutions. A comparison of the trio of military commanders who gained power as a direct consequence of these upheavals reveals how the very political radicalism which brought them to power also threatened to...
    After the revolution: did Cromwell, Washington and Bonaparte betray revolutionary principles?
  • What did ‘Mature Socialism’ mean for the Soviet Union?

      Historian article
    David Shipp analyses the state of socialism in the Soviet Union, from Brezhnev to Chernenko. ‘What is he thinking of? Reform, reform. Who needs it, and who can understand it? We need to work better, that is the only problem.’ These reported words of Leonid Brezhnev epitomise the view of the period...
    What did ‘Mature Socialism’ mean for the Soviet Union?
  • Immigration and the making of British food

      Historian article
    Panikos Panayi explores the way in which immigration has transformed British eating habits over the last two centuries, whether through the rise of the restaurant and the development of eating out, or the culinary revolution at home. Those people who voted to leave the European Union in 2016 because of...
    Immigration and the making of British food
  • The rise and fall of Nauru

      Historian article
    Aadam Patel offers an insight into the complexities of the recent economic history of a remote Pacific island. Nauru is an isolated island located in the Pacific Ocean approximately 4,400km north-east from Australia and 1,300km north-east from the Solomon Islands. With an area of just below 21 squared kilometres, it is...
    The rise and fall of Nauru
  • Architecture within the reach of all

      Historian article
    Roisin Inglesby introduces us to the life and work of a lesser known member of the Arts and Crafts movement, Arthur Heygate  Mackmurdo, who helped to change the face of European architecture and interior design. Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo (1851–1942) may not be a household name, but he is arguably one of the most significant figures in British design...
    Architecture within the reach of all
  • Taking tea with Frau von Papen

      Historian article
    The Weimar Republic in its last days as seen and remembered by a five-year-old English boy. A long-standing member of the Historical Association remembers an experience from eighty years ago. As Mrs Merkel is well aware, the fear of inflation is deeply embedded in the German folk memory. Eighty years...
    Taking tea with Frau von Papen
  • Migration into the UK in the early twenty-first century

      Historian article
    Sam Scott and Lucy Clarke explore the data covering more recent migration to the United Kingdom, most especially from the EU. They discover that since 2000 migrant destinations have changed. No longer do migrants head exclusively to the big cities and industrial areas, but to rural areas, like Boston in...
    Migration into the UK in the early twenty-first century
  • D-Day, Commemorations - the last big year to remember?

      Historian article
    This year it was the 70th anniversary of D-Day. The world's politicians and media went into overdrive about it. The BBC dedicated a whole day to the coverage, mainly live from Normandy while small events took place around the UK. For a whole day the upcoming centenary of the First...
    D-Day, Commemorations - the last big year to remember?
  • Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust

      Historian article
    Daniel Goldhagen defines anti-semitism as ‘negative beliefs and emotions about Jews qua Jews.' Nazis believed Jews to be the source of Germany's misfortunes, and that they must be denied German citizenship and removed from German society. Hitler never compromised on the need to settle what he regarded as the Jewish...
    Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust
  • Tyne Cot Cemetery, near Ypres, Belgium

      Historian feature
    My Favourite History Place: Tyne Cot Cemetery, near Ypres, Belgium  We can truly say that the whole circuit of the Earth is girdled with the graves of our dead. In the course of my pilgrimage, I have many times asked myself whether there can be more potent advocates of peace...
    Tyne Cot Cemetery, near Ypres, Belgium
  • Radicalism and its Results, 1760-1837

      Classic Pamphlet
    Radicalism with a large "R", unlike Conservatism with a large "C" and Liberalism with a large "L", is not a historical term of even proximate precision. There was never a Radical Party with a national organization, local associations, or a treasury. But there were, and there are, "Radicals", generally qualified...
    Radicalism and its Results, 1760-1837
  • Real Lives: The Russian hermit of Cornwall’s caves

      Historian feature
    Our series ‘Real Lives’ seeks to put the story of the ordinary person into our great historical narrative. We are all part of the rich fabric of the communities in which we live and we are affected to greater and lesser degrees by the big events that happen on a daily...
    Real Lives: The Russian hermit of Cornwall’s caves