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  • The Legacy of the Z Special Unit in World War II

      Historian article
    The Spirit of Normandy Trust Essay Competition is aimed at young historians and organised by the Historical Association (as part of the annual Young Historian Awards). The 2023 winner in the Key Stage 3 (lower secondary school) category is Ayan Sinha, a pupil at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School in Wakefield. In this abridged...
    The Legacy of the Z Special Unit in World War II
  • The United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

      Historian article
    The Nazis came to power in 1933 with an openly racist and antisemitic set of policies. In the years leading up to the start of the Second World War, those policies were carried out through legislation and governmental actions, with the support of many members of German society. Once the war started,...
    The United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
  • Women and the French Revolution: the start of the modern feminist movement

      Historian article
    Luke Rimmo Loyi Lego explores the role of women in the French Revolution, and how their challenges to traditional gender roles laid the foundations for the modern feminist movement.  The study of the French Revolution is often restricted to its impact on the Enlightenment ideas of influential men such as Rousseau,...
    Women and the French Revolution: the start of the modern feminist movement
  • 1914: The Coming of the First World War

      Classic Pamphlet
    This pamphlet argues that the outbreak of the First World War represented not so much the culmination of a long process started by Bismarck and his successors, as the relatively sudden breakdown of a system that had in fact preserved the peace and contained the dangerous Eastern Question for over...
    1914: The Coming of the First World War
  • What Have Historians Been Arguing About... the consequences of the industrial revolution

      Teaching History feature
    The British industrial revolution stands out as a pivotal moment in human history. Its timing, causes and consequences have all been major topics of historical enquiry for well over one hundred years. Many of the great Victorian commentators – Engels, Dickens, Blake to name a few – who lived through...
    What Have Historians Been Arguing About... the consequences of the industrial revolution
  • Gladstone and the London May Day Demonstrators, 1890

      Historian article
    One hundred and twenty years ago the advent of the first red May Days caused major concern across Europe. To general surprise, in 1890 and the next few years some of the largest rallies occurred in London. In Britain the main demonstration on the nearest Sunday to May Day passed...
    Gladstone and the London May Day Demonstrators, 1890
  • Film: “The Talk Should Not Be Broadcast”: Homosexuality and the BBC before 1967

      Virtual Branch
    In the centenary year of the BBC, this Virtual Branch talk from Marcus Collins relates the strange tale of how the BBC did and did not broadcast about homosexuality in the 1950s and 1960s and what it tells us about sexuality, broadcasting and the origins of permissiveness in mid-twentieth century Britain.  Marcus Collins...
    Film: “The Talk Should Not Be Broadcast”: Homosexuality and the BBC before 1967
  • The Evolution of the British Electoral System 1832-1987

      Classic Pamphlet
    During the last 20 years our perspective on the great Victorian question of parliamentary reform has noticeably changed. We have acquired a comprehensive picture of the organisation and political socialisation of those who won the vote; and some interesting debates have developed about the social characteristics of the electors and...
    The Evolution of the British Electoral System 1832-1987
  • The Great Spa Towns of Europe: a UNESCO World Heritage Site

      Historian article
    Catherine Lloyd introduces us to an international heritage initiative to celebrate ‘spa’ culture. From ancient times, people believed that gods and spirits brought the means of natural healing. Step back in time to imagine an eerie wilderness, a glade in a wood, or a pool by a river, where the snow...
    The Great Spa Towns of Europe: a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • Film: The Quest for the Lost of the First World War

      The Searchers
    Historian Robert Sackville-West joined the HA Virtual Branch in November 2021 to talk about the topic of his book The Searchers: The Quest for the Lost of the First World War. By the end of the First World War, the whereabouts of more than half a million British soldiers were unknown. Most were presumed...
    Film: The Quest for the Lost of the First World War
  • Vichy France and the Jews

      Article
    Dr Julian Jackson examines the position and treatment of Jews in Occupied France. When in 1945 France came to try those who had ‘collaborated’ during the war, the fate of the Jews was not central. It was even possible for Xavier Vallat, Vichy’s Commissioner for Jewish Affairs, to defend himself...
    Vichy France and the Jews
  • The Reformed Electoral System in Great Britain, 1832-1914

      Classic Pamphlet
    The struggle for parliamentary reform between 1830 and 1832 has long been regarded as one of the decisive battles of British political history. The Tories lamented that the passage of the Reform Bill meant the destruction of the constitution. Middle class Radicals welcomed the Reform Bill as the instrument that...
    The Reformed Electoral System in Great Britain, 1832-1914
  • What Have Historians Been Arguing About... the impact of the British Empire on Britain?

      Teaching History feature
    The murder of George Floyd during the summer of 2020 and the ongoing ‘culture war’ in Britain over the legacy of the British Empire have reignited interest in imperial history. This focuses, in particular, on the question of the empire’s impact on Britain itself: on how the act of conquering...
    What Have Historians Been Arguing About... the impact of the British Empire on Britain?
  • The experience of Bilston in the cholera epidemic of 1831–32

      Historian article
    Alannah Tomkins introduces a well-chronicled early example of how a local community dealt with cholera. In September 1832 James Holmes, the governor of the workhouse at Bilston in Staffordshire wrote a letter to the salaried parish overseer of Uttoxeter. The initial impetus for the letter came from the two parishes’ shared interest...
    The experience of Bilston in the cholera epidemic of 1831–32
  • Real Lives: Surviving the War in the Soviet Union: recollections of a child deportee

      Historian feature
    This 'Real Lives' piece is based on a series of interviews Annette Ormanczyk carried out in 2019 with Mrs Irena Persak, who was deported as a five-year-old child with her family in February 1940. As well as offering a fascinating personal account of life in the Soviet Union during the Second...
    Real Lives: Surviving the War in the Soviet Union: recollections of a child deportee
  • My Favourite History Place: The Chantry Chapel of St Mary on Wakefield Bridge

      Historian feature
    Wakefield Bridge Chapel, by the River Calder, is thought by many to be the finest of four bridge chantries, the others being Bradford-on-Avon, Derby and Rotherham. The chapel at Wakefield was originally founded and endowed by the people of Wakefield and district between 1342 and 1359. In 1397 Edmund de Langley,...
    My Favourite History Place: The Chantry Chapel of St Mary on Wakefield Bridge
  • England Arise! The General Election of 1945

      Historian article
    ‘The past week will live in history for two things’, announced the Sunday Times of 29 July 1945, ‘first the return of a Labour majority to Parliament and the end of Churchill's great war Premiership.’ Most other newspapers concurred. The Daily Mirror, of 27 July, proclaimed that the 1945 general election...
    England Arise! The General Election of 1945
  • Winston Churchill and the Islamic World: Early Encounters

      Historian article
    Winston Churchill had a major impact on British and world history in the twentieth century. A great deal has been written on his roles in the two world wars and on many aspects of his career. Yet relatively little attention has been paid to his relations with the Islamic world....
    Winston Churchill and the Islamic World: Early Encounters
  • The last battle: Bomber Command’s veterans and the fight for remembrance

      Historian article
    Frances Houghton examines how and why the popular memory of the Second World War continues to be contested. Early on the morning of Monday 21 January 2019, still-wet white gloss paint was discovered to have been thrown across the Bomber Command Memorial in London’s Green Park. The bronze sculpture of a...
    The last battle: Bomber Command’s veterans and the fight for remembrance
  • Jawaharlal Nehru: The Last Viceroy?

      Article
    Judith M. Brown spoke on Nehru as her subject for the 1998 Cust lecture at the University of Nottingham. Her portrait of this major Indian statesman is published here for the first time.
    Jawaharlal Nehru: The Last Viceroy?
  • What have historians been arguing about... decolonisation and the British Empire?

      Teaching History feature
    Decolonisation is a contested term. When first used in 1952, it referred to a political event: a colony gaining independence; it has since come to describe a process. When, where and why this process began, however, and whether it has ended, are all fiercely debated. Is it about new flags...
    What have historians been arguing about... decolonisation and the British Empire?
  • Brazil and the two World Wars

      Article
    Brazil and the outbreak of the First World War At the beginning of the twentieth century Brazil was on the periphery of a world order that revolved around decisions made by the great European powers. Although it was the largest and most populated nation in South America, Brazil possessed an...
    Brazil and the two World Wars
  • Napoleon: First Consul and Emperor of the French

      Classic Pamphlet
    Four years after the battle of Waterloo, Richard Whately publicised a philosophical essay in which he argued that there was no real proof of Napoleon's existence. The deeds attributed to him were either so wondrously good or so amazingly bad that they far outran the evidence available to support them:...
    Napoleon: First Consul and Emperor of the French
  • The commercial architecture of Victorian Liverpool

      Article
    In 1857 the Builder enthusiastically described the thriving state of architecture on the banks of the Mersey: 'The impression from a walk through the principal quarters of the town, after visiting other towns, is that more [building of a superior kind] must be doing in Liverpool than at any other...
    The commercial architecture of Victorian Liverpool
  • Fake news: Psy-war and propaganda in the Indonesian Genocide of 1965-66

      Historian article
    Geoffrey Robinson explores a little-known episode of the Cold War where half a million people were killed and the Indonesian communist party was destroyed, aided and abetted by the major Western Powers. Amidst all the talk of fake news and Russian meddling in US politics, it is easy to lose...
    Fake news: Psy-war and propaganda in the Indonesian Genocide of 1965-66