The evolution of surgery
![Joseph Lister with fellow Residents at the Old Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, c. 1855 (Lister is in the front row with his hands clasped). Joseph Lister was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery.](https://history.org.uk/library/2012/0000/0023/Residents_at_the_Old_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh_summer_Wellcome_V0027881_640.jpg)
In this podcast, Michael Crumplin explores the development of military surgery during the Napoleonic Wars. He provides a brief context of the evolution of surgery and outlines the changes in training, surgical knowledge, militarisation, apparatus and patient experience.
1. Introduction and lead-up to the Napoleonic Wars
2. Changes during the French Wars
3. The evolution of surgical techniques
4. Changes in surgical equipment
5. Patients' experience
6. Changes after the Napoleonic Wars
7. Surgical developments after 1850
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